DrugMitochondrial FunctionMitophagyPrimary MechanismMethotrexate (MTX)↓ ATP, ↑ ROS, ↓ mtDNA synthesisPossibly impaired indirectlyFolate cycle inhibitionHydroxychloroquine (HCQ)↑ ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction (via lysosomal pH change)Inhibits lysosomal degradation (blocks...
Pseudoscience vs Junk Science
1. Pseudoscience Definition:Pseudoscience refers to claims, beliefs, or practices that are presented as scientific but lack the hallmarks of legitimate
